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Acknowledgements

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The publisher and authors would like to thank the following for permission to use photographs and other copyright material:

Cover illustration: Ángel Svoboda

Photos: p2: A Bennion / Shutterstock; p4: Jan Martin Will / Shutterstock; p6: MyImages - Micha / Shutterstock; p7: Migren art / Shutterstock; p8: SpeedKingz / Shutterstock; p16: FocusDzign / Shutterstock; p18: Science Photo Library; p20: FlashMovie / Shutterstock; p22(t): World History Archive / Alamy Stock Photo; p22(b): Dr Gopal Murti / Science Photo Library; p24: Kallayanee Naloka / Shutterstock; p25: J.C. Revy, ISM / Science Photo Library; p27: VectorMine / Shutterstock; p34: Magic mine / Shutterstock; p38: Jarva Jar / Shutterstock; p40: itsmejust / Shutterstock; p46: Guzel Studio / Shutterstock; p48: Science Photo Library / Alamy Stock Photo; p49: r.classen / Shutterstock; p50: voronaman / Shutterstock; p51: Power and Syred / Science Photo Library; p54: SciePro / Shutterstock; p56: naito29 / Shutterstock; p57(t): Ground Picture / Shutterstock; p57(m): Africa Studio / Shutterstock; p57(b): Cordelia Molloy / Science Photo Library; p59: Steve Gschmeissner / Science Photo Library; p60: Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p61(t): Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p61(m): Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p61(b): Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p62: ifong / Shutterstock; p63: Biophoto Associates / Science Photo Library; p64: Cordelia Molloy / Science Photo Library; p66: Gustoimages / Science Photo Library; p70: Cornel Constantin / Shutterstock; p72: NNehring/iStock/Getty Images; p73: alanphillips/iStock/Getty Images; p76(t): Nigel Cattlin / Alamy Stock Photo; p76(b): aleori / Shutterstock; p77(t): Nigel Cattlin / Alamy Stock Photo; p77(b): northlightimages / iStock / Getty Images; p78: Nnehring / Getty Images; p79(t): Haiduchyk Aliaksei / Shutterstock; p79(b): Philip Bird LRPS CPAGB / Shutterstock; p82: ChWeiss / Shutterstock; p83(t): ProstheticHead / Shutterstock; p83(b): Kovaleva_Ka / Shutterstock; p86: iamlukyeee / Shutterstock; p88: IBM Research / Science Photo Library; p90: nik wheeler / Alamy Stock Photo; p91: t_kimura / iStockphoto; p94(t): Vaclav Volrab / Shutterstock; p94(b): Dmytro Falkowskyi / Shutterstock; p95: Starkov Roman / Shutterstock; p96: candy3 / Shutterstock; p97: Charles D. Winters / Science Photo Library; p100: anarociogf / Shutterstock; p101(t): Werayuth Tes / Shutterstock; p101(b): R_Tee / Shutterstock; p102: Andrew Mcclenaghan / Science Photo Library; p106: Bjoern Wylezich / Shutterstock; p108(l): Damian Palus / Shutterstock; p108(m): Science Photo Library; p108(r): Carolina K. Smith MD / Shutterstock; p110(l): bonchan / Shutterstock; p110(r): Laurence Marks, Northwestern University / Science Photo Library; p111: t_kimura / iStockphoto; p112: Novikov Alex / Shutterstock; p113: Creativa Images / Shutterstock; p118: Love Silhouette / Shutterstock; p120(tl): Soonthorn Wongsaita / Shutterstock; p120(bl): Love Silhouette / Shutterstock; p120(r): Piotr Krajewski; p121(tl): cigdem / Shutterstock; p121(bl): Bjoern Wylezich / Shutterstock; p121(r): Hulton Archive / Getty Images; p122: Michael Warwick / Shutterstock; p123(t): Bjoern Wylezich / Shutterstock; p123(b): Sebastian Janicki / Shutterstock; p124: Piu_Piu / Shutterstock; p125(t): Axel Jung / Shutterstock; p125(b): helfei / Shutterstock; p126: dien / Shutterstock; p128: Mike Flippo / Shutterstock; p129(l): Turtle Rock Scientific / Science Photo Library; p129(r): Martyn F. Chillmaid / Science Photo Library; p130: Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p131: Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p132(l): Kekyalyaynen / Shutterstock; p132(m): Anatoly Vartanov / Shutterstock; p132(r): Slobo Mitic/iStock; p133(l): stocksolutions / 123RF; p133(m): Valerie Loiseleux/iStock; p133(r): Robert Przybysz / Shutterstock; p136: DW2630 / Shutterstock; p138: mevans / Getty Images; p140: Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p143(t): SasinTipchai / Shutterstock; p143(b): Universal Images Group / Getty Images; p144(t): posteriori / Shutterstock; p144(b): Jirik V / Shutterstock; p145: seb001 / Shutterstock; p148: sommanas kotcharak / Shutterstock; p150: AndreyZH / Shutterstock; p152: Stocktrek Images, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo; p153: Michael H/Getty Images; p154: brave rabbit / Shutterstock; p155: Melinda Nagy / Shutterstock; p157: ChrisVanLennepPhoto / Shutterstock; p158(t): New Africa / Shutterstock; p158(b): 262276 / Shutterstock; p164: Andrew Berezovsky / Shutterstock; p166: Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p167: sciencephotos / Alamy Stock Photo; p168: Steve Allen / Science Photo Library; p169(l): Abaca Press / Alamy Stock Photo; p169(r): Willyam Bradberry / Shutterstock; p170(l): Andrew Lambert Photography / Science Photo Library; p170(r): Valeri Vatel / Shutterstock; p171: Image Source Collection / Shutterstock; p172: Steve Gschmeissner / Science Photo Library; p174: Jiri Miklo / Shutterstock; p175: Thierry Berrod, Mona Lisa Production/ Science Photo Library; p178: OTSCAPE / Shutterstock; p180: Rich Carey / Shutterstock; p181: Wantanee Chantasilp / Shutterstock; p182: gabczi / Shutterstock; p184: Pat_Hastings / Shutterstock; p186: Tatiana Makotra / Shutterstock; p187(t): Urte Baranauskaite / Shutterstock; p187(b): InaKos / Shutterstock; p192: Lillac / Shutterstock; p194(t): Danita Delimont / Shutterstock; p194(b): Joe Gough / Shutterstock; p198: RealPeopleStudio / Shutterstock; p199(l): Charles D Winters / Science Photo Library; p199(r): Charles D Winters / Science Photo Library; p200(l): Dr Ken Macdonald / Science Photo Library; p200(r): WaterFrame / Alamy Stock Photo; p201: Dream01 / Shutterstock; p202(t): NASA; p202(b): Jeremy Bishop / Science Photo Library; p203(l): Africa Studio/Shuttestock; p203(r): BIGCHEN / Shutterstock; p204(tl): Canadian Press / Shutterstock; p204(bl): Alexey Rotanov / Shutterstock; p204(b): Giphotostock / Science Photo Library; p212: Vitaly Korovin / Shutterstock; p213(t): insta_photos / Shutterstock; p213(b): Jagrutiben B Patel / Shutterstock; p214: kristnu / Shutterstock; p215: stockpexel / Shutterstock.

Artwork by Q2A Media, Phoenix Photosetting, Aptara Inc., Erwin Haya, Wearset Ltd., Peter Bull Art Studio, HL Studios, Mike Hall, and Oxford University Press.

Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publisher.