Being a scientistFigure 1 A flowchart to help you master secondary science.Figure 2 The Cornell notes method. This is a strategy to help…Figure 3 An example of using the Cornell notes method in a…
Working scientificallyFigure 1 What is causing the polar ice caps to melt?Figure 2 Why are the new balls kept in a fridge?Figure 1 Hazard signs show people how to stay safe.Figure 2 What are the hazards of bouncing tennis balls?Figure 3 These are the international hazard symbols and their meanings.Figure 1 You have to follow a clear plan when carrying out…Figure 2 Katie is talking about changing the independent variable in their…Figure 3 Look straight at a scale to take an accurate measurement.Figure 1 During the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government used line graphs…Figure 2 A bar chart showing how high a tennis ball bounces…Figure 3 A line graph of Katie and Rahim’s results. It shows…Figure 4 A pie chart of Katie and Rahim’s survey results. The…Figure 1 A bar chart showing how the size of the Amazon…Figure 2 As the independent variable increases, the dependent variable increases.Figure 3 As the independent variable increases, the dependent variable decreases.Figure 4 As the independent variable increases, the dependent variable does not change.Figure 5 As the temperature of the tennis ball increases, the mean…Figure 1 Evaluating your performance after a race helps you identify areas…Figure 2 This newton meter shows a systematic error. It has a…
Biology1 CellsFigure 1 This is the drawing that Hooke made of cork Cells.Figure 2 There are different types of cell in your blood.Figure 3 Parts of a microscope.Figure 1 Animal cells viewed under a microscope. Can you see the…Figure 2 An animal cell.Figure 3 Leaf cells viewed under a microscope. Can you see the chloroplasts?Figure 4 A plant cell.Figure 1 A nerve cell. Its scientific name is a neurone.Figure 2 A red blood cell.Figure 3 Skeletal muscle cellsFigure 4 A cell from the top of a leaf. Its scientific…Figure 5 A root hair cell.Figure 1 This diagram shows how you smell burnt toast in another room.Figure 2 Water diffuses into the plant through the root hair cells.…Figure 3 If a plant does not have enough water, it will wilt.Figure 1 Parts of an amoeba.Figure 2 Amoebas divide by binary fission.Figure 3 Parts of a euglena.Figure 1Figure 22 Body systemsFigure 1 The levels of organization in a multicellular organism.Figure 2 Muscle tissue is a type of animal tissue. Muscle cells…Figure 3 The main organs in humans and plants.Figure 1 Doctors use X-rays to check if a bone is broken.Figure 2 The main bones of the human body.Figure 3 Structure of a bone.Figure 1 Pivot joints allow movement around a point. Your neck is…Figure 2 Structure of a hip joint and a knee joint.Figure 3 How to measure the strength of your biceps.Figure 1 Major muscle groups used for movement in the upper body.Figure 2 The biceps muscle contracts to bend the arm.Figure 3 The triceps muscle contracts to straighten the arm.Figure 4Figure 1 This bell-jar model can be used to represent breathing.Figure 2 Inhaling in the lungs and in the bell-jar model.Figure 3 Exhaling in the lungs and in the bell-jar model.Figure 4 You can measure your lung volume by breathing into a bottle.Figure 1 You can see your lungs and ribs on a chest X-ray.Figure 2 Air has to travel from your mouth and nose to…Figure 3 These pie charts show the amounts of each gas in…Figure 1 A mitochondrion.Figure 2 Glucose and oxygen travel to the cells in the blood.Figure 1 After heavy exercise, you breathe heavily to break down lactic…Figure 2 Yeast is a type of fungus.Figure 1Figure 23 Health and lifestyleFigure 1 These foods are a good source of carbohydrates.Figure 2 These foods have a high fat content.Figure 3 These foods are a good source of protein.Figure 4 These foods are a good source of fibre.Figure 1 The small nutrient Molecules produced in digestion pass into the blood.Figure 2 Structures in the digestive system. Your digestive system is also…Figure 3 Muscles in the wall of the gut push food along…Figure 4 Villi in the small intestine increase the surface area. This…Figure 1 Iodine changes from orange-yellow to blue-black if starch is present.Figure 2 Ethanol forms a cloudy solution if lipids are present.Figure 3 Benedict’s solution turns orange-red if sugar is present.Figure 4 Biuret solution turns purple if protein is present.Figure 1 This food pyramid shows a healthy balanced diet.Figure 2 This person is suffering from rickets.Figure 3 Daily Energy requirements for different types of people.Figure 1 Some foods, called probiotic foods, contain bacteria that help digestion…Figure 2 Enzymes cut large molecules into smaller molecules.Figure 3 Starch is broken down into sugar molecules.Figure 4 Protein is broken down into aminoFigure 5 Lipids are broken down into fatty Acids and glycerol.Figure 1 Antibiotic pills treat bacterial infections. A doctor will explain how…Figure 2 This diagram shows what happens to a person as they…Figure 14 PlantsFigure 1 Algae live in water.Figure 2 Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts.Figure 1 Leaves come in all shapes and sizes.Figure 2 Top – open stomata. Bottom – closed stomata.Figure 3 As the water evaporates from the leaves, more water is…Figure 4 How Products and Reactants move in photosynthesis.Figure 1 A nitrate deficiency results in poor growth.Figure 2 Purple leaves are a symptom (sign) of a phosphorus deficiency.Figure 3 Magnesium deficiency results in yellow leaves.Figure 4 Farmers use fertilizers to add minerals to theirFigure 1 Parts of a flower.Figure 2 Pollen grains under a microscope.Figure 3 A bee collecting nectar on an insect-pollinated plant. Bees use…Figure 4 The flowers of an oak tree. Oak trees are wind-pollinated.Figure 1 Fertilization happens when pollen lands on a stigma.Figure 2 The structure of a seed.Figure 3 Seeds need lots of water to grow into a plant.Figure 1 Sycamore seeds are dispersed by the wind.Figure 2 Burdock seeds have little hooks on them to help them…Figure 3 Peapods burst open when ripe, dispersing seeds away from the…Figure 1Figure 2
Chemistry1 Particles and their behaviourFigure 1 Figure 1 The bridge cables (wires) are made from steel.…Figure 2 Gold is a single substance. All of its particles are…Figure 1 The arrangement of particles in a solid substance.Figure 2 The arrangement of particles in a liquid substance.Figure 3 The arrangement of particles in a gas substance.Figure 1 Weights made from iron.Figure 2 The block of iron on the right has the greater volume.Figure 3 Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water. This…Figure 1 Ice melts on warm hands.Figure 2 Particles before and after melting.Figure 3 Gallium is solid at room temperature. It melts on warm hands.Figure 4Figure 1 Particles in boiling water (not to scale).Figure 2 A temperature-time graph for heating water.Figure 3 The melting and boiling points of silver.Figure 1 When you use a hairdryer to dry your hair, the…Figure 2 Sweat helps to cool you down by evaporation.Figure 3 Water particles from the air condense around carbon dioxide particles…Figure 1 Bromine gas diffuses into the top gas jar on the right.Figure 2 This particle diagram shows how bromine gas diffuses into the…Figure 3 This equipment shows that big, heavy particles diffuse more slowly…Figure 12 Elements, Atoms, and compoundsFigure 1 Jewellery.Figure 2 A catalytic converter.Figure 3 A heart pacemaker.Figure 4 The Periodic Table lists all the elements.Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3 The circles represent a few atoms in solid gold. One…Figure 4 When many gold atoms are arranged into a block of…Figure 1 A water meter measures the amount of water used in…Figure 2 A hydrogen molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms.Figure 3 An oxygen molecule consists of two oxygen atoms.Figure 4 A water molecule has one oxygen atom joined to two…Figure 5 Many people add salt to food.Figure 6Figure 1 A carbon dioxide molecule has one carbon atom and two…Figure 2 A carbon monoxide molecule has one carbon atom and one…Figure 3 A sulfur dioxide molecule has one sulfur atom and two…Figure 4 A sulfur trioxide molecule has one sulfur atom and three…Figure 5Figure 1Figure 23 The Periodic TableFigure 1 The Museum of Fire.Figure 2 A solar farm, where we get electrical energy from sunlight.Figure 3 Copper cables.Figure 4 This sulfur was produced alongside oil in Kazakhstan.Figure 5 The glass in fibre optic cables includes the element germanium.Figure 6 A piece of germanium.Figure 1 Metal sculptureFigure 2 The Periodic Table.Figure 3 Silver is a metal.Figure 4 Sulfur is a non-metal.Figure 1 The Danakil Desert.Figure 2 Acid rain damages trees.Figure 3 Magnesium oxide is basic. It is solid at room temperature.Figure 1 Palladium is a metal element. It is used in catalytic…Figure 2 Some groups of the Periodic Table.Figure 3 Some periods of the Periodic Table.Figure 4 The melting points of Period 2 elements.Figure 5 The melting points of Period 3 elements.Figure 1 An electric car.Figure 2 Group 1 is on the far left of the Periodic Table.Figure 3 Densities of Group 1 elements.Figure 4 Lithium, at the top of Group 1, reacts vigorously with water.Figure 5 The reaction of potassium with water is very vigorous.Figure 1 Group 7 is second from the right of the Periodic Table.Figure 2 Chlorine, bromine, and iodine.Figure 3 Iron reacts vigorously with chlorine.Figure 1 Barcode scanner.Figure 2 Helium balloons.Figure 3 Double glazing.Figure 4 Group 0 is on the far right of the Periodic Table.Figure 5 Argon is a better thermal insulator than air. It is…Figure 6 The noble gases shine brightly when high-voltage electricity flows through…Figure 7 This eye surgeon is using a krypton laser (very focused…Figure 14 Acids and alkalisFigure 1 This solution is corrosive.Figure 2 Two bottles of acid.Figure 3 The acid on the left is more concentrated. It has…Figure 1 Using litmus paper.Figure 2 Universal indicator changes colour depending on the pH.Figure 1 Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water.Figure 2 Tea plants grow best in soil of pH 5.0 to 6.0.Figure 3 Adding a base to an acidic lake.Figure 1 Sodium chloride.Figure 2 Copper sulfate.Figure 3 Bolivian salt flats.Figure 4 Steps for making copper sulfate crystals.Figure 1
Physics1 ForcesFigure 1 This rocket took the Perseverance rover to Mars.Figure 2 The force arrows show the Forces acting on a tennis ball.Figure 3 Forces are acting on the child hanging from the bars.Figure 4 A student is pulling the block with a force of…Figure 1 Even a solid golf ball is deformed when it is…Figure 2 Two or more forces on a solid compress or stretch it.Figure 3 The shape of a bungee cord changes when you stretch it.Figure 1 Even an object that seems smooth can be uneven close…Figure 2 When you move through water, you experience water resistance.Figure 3 A moving object is in contact with air or water particles.Figure 1 A magnet picks up metal filings, and a balloon rubbed…Figure 2 An apple has a Weight of about 1 N.Figure 1 You are in Equilibrium when lying down.Figure 2 The car will change Speed depending on what direction the…Figure 3 The force of Gravity keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth.Figure 12 SoundFigure 1 Features of a wave.Figure 2 You can make a transverse wave on a Slinky spring.Figure 3 You can also make longitudinal waves on a Slinky spring.Figure 4 Waves reflect off a barrier.Figure 1 Sound is caused by vibrations, such as the vibrations at…Figure 2 Dolphins communicate underwater.Figure 3 Felix Baumgartner travelled faster than sound.Figure 1 An oscilloscope shows you what a sound looks like as…Figure 2 You can see on an oscilloscope that a loud sound…Figure 3 A high sound has a higher frequency than a low…Figure 1 The ear has lots of parts that help change sound…Figure 2 Without these tiny hairs inside your cochlea, you would not…Figure 3 A microphone detects sound in a similar way to your ear.Figure 1 These walls are designed to produce no echoes.Figure 2 A sound will bounce off objects nearby to make an…Figure 3 An ultrasound image (left) of a baby (right).Figure 4 Ships use ultrasound to work out the depth of the…Figure 13 LightFigure 1 You can see objects because Light reflects off them.Figure 2 Water absorbs light, so it is dark at the bottom…Figure 3 Frosted glass is translucent.Figure 4 There are two ways of showing the distance to the Sun.Figure 1 You might be able to see your reflection in a window.Figure 2 You can see an image in a mirror.Figure 3 Light is reflected at equal angles.Figure 4 You can only see an image in a smooth surface.Figure 1 Pencils look bent when you put them in water.Figure 2 A rock at the bottom of a pool looks closer…Figure 3 Like a truck that changes direction when it slows down,…Figure 4 A piece of glass shaped like a lens focuses light.Figure 1 No-one has the same pattern in their iris as you.Figure 2 How an image is formed in the eye.Figure 3 A lens in a camera focuses light.Figure 4 Cameras used to use photographic film.Figure 5 The digital camera on a smartphone uses pixels instead of filmFigure 6 A pinhole camera works in a similar way to your eye.Figure 1 A prism splits white light into a spectrum of colours.Figure 2 The Venn diagram shows the primary and secondary colours of light.Figure 3 Filters transmit the colours that they are and absorb the rest.Figure 4 Red objects reflect red light, but absorb all other colours.…Figure 14 Motion and pressureFigure 1 A cheetah can travel faster than a car.Figure 2 A speed camera calculates how long it takes a car…Figure 3 Relative speeds.Figure 1 A distance-time graph for Lucia’s journey to school.Figure 2 A distance-time graphfor a constant (steady) speed.Figure 3 A distance-time graphfor a stationary (still) object.Figure 4 A distance-time graph for two different speeds.Figure 5 The ball accelerates.Figure 6 A distance-time graph for an accelerating object.Figure 1 There is lots of gaspressure inside a balloon.Figure 2 Hot gas and cool gas.Figure 3 The effect of volume on gas Pressure.Figure 4 Marshmallows contain pockets of air that expand when you remove…Figure 5 Atmospheric pressure.Figure 1 At 3000 m, water exerts a big pressure.Figure 2 The water comes out in all directions.Figure 3 Ships that can travel underwater, such as submarines, need to…Figure 4 A dam is wider at the bottom.Figure 5 The arrows show the forces acting on an object because…Figure 1 Figure 1 There is no wind on the Moon to…Figure 2 The tracks on the earthmover stop it sinking into the mud.Figure 3 Studs on hockey or football boots have a small area.…Figure 4 Snowshoes have a big area. This produces a small pressure,…Figure 1 Figure 1 Tightrope walking over Niagara Falls.Figure 2 You need to apply a turning force to open a door.Figure 3 These apples are in equilibrium.Figure 4 The see-saw does not turn if it is in equilibrium.Figure 5 There is a turning force in a and c,…Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3
Revision tipsFigure 1 A mind map.Figure 2 A flowchart.Figure 3 A Venn diagram.Figure 4 A labelled diagram.
